Tag: supplier relationships

It’s Time to Revisit Vendor Managed Inventory

A few decades ago, Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) was a hot topic. Many manufacturers saw it as a way to reduce inventory levels and costs. If they could get their suppliers to maintain ownership of raw materials or subcontracted components until consumed, inventory levels would naturally drop—on paper anyway. Because they were giving most, or all of their business to one supplier, they were also in a position to negotiate better terms. For the supplier, VMI was a win, too, because it allowed them to lock in the manufacturer’s business.

But VMI came with inherent risks to both the manufacturer and the supplier. On the supplier’s side of the equation, the risk lay in the manufacturer’s ability to forecast demand. Unless the contract between manufacturer and supplier had some sort of “shared responsibility” clause, the manufacturer had no incentive to minimize actual inventory levels. Safety stock and reorder point levels could be set high, with minimal risk. And if the forecast was overstated, the manufacturer didn’t need to worry about excess vendor-managed raw material or contracted-components inventory.

From the manufacturer’s point of view, the risk lay primarily in the reliability of the supplier. If the supplier didn’t hold up their end of the bargain or a shipment had material defects, the manufacturer risked a material shortage and significant production delays. While these problems could occur with any supplier, one of the visions of VMI was to reduce the headaches that come from managing supplier issues.

As a result, many manufacturers limited their use of VMI to Class C items that were relatively inexpensive and easily sourced. That way, high safety stock levels didn’t impact their balance sheet much, and supplier reliability issues had a minimal impact on production schedules.

Demand-Driven Manufacturing Technology Makes VMI Easier

The technologies our customers use to manage their internal Demand-Driven Manufacturing initiatives have the added benefit of making VMI feasible once again. Electronic Kanban (eKanban) software is a classic example.

Most readers of this blog are probably familiar with Kanban. They are the automated replenishment signals that are so vital to Lean and Demand-Driven Manufacturing environments. Kanban comes in multiple flavors such as the manufacturing Kanban that signals the need for internal replenishment of materials; the supplier Kanban that initiates replenishment from external suppliers or outsourced manufacturers; and a customer Kanban signals from the customer to the manufacturer for finished goods or replacement parts. Often tugger routes are introduced into the process to deliver materials as needed (regularly or on demand pull) from the warehouse to point of use.

The eKanban system enables real-time, electronic signaling. As materials are received into inventory, they are scanned into the system – and, they are scanned again when consumed. Upon consumption of a Kanban, a signal is sent to a supplier or contract manufacturer, bypassing the standard procurement process and shortening cycle times.

Demand-Driven Manufacturing Reduces the Risk of VMI

OK, so eKanban can make VMI more functionally feasible and efficient than it was twenty years ago, but what about the risks inherent in VMI?

That’s where Demand-Driven Manufacturing comes in.

Technically, implementing Kanban replenishment signals doesn’t automatically qualify your approach as Demand-Driven Manufacturing. You could be in a traditional manufacturing environment using reorder point planning (ROP) to trigger replenishment. For example, your bin sizes are based on ROP calculations that have little to do with actual demand. Since the signal comes from downstream consumption, some would consider this to be pull manufacturing, but it is not in the same way that Lean or Demand Driven environments consider “pull”. Pull is getting close to the actual demand signal; the more inflated the bin sizes, the further the process is from pull – and the larger the bullwhip the process will create.

In true pull-based or Demand-Driven Manufacturing, replenishment is based on actual demand or consumption. (And some buffer stock which we talked about here.) Projected and actual demand, demand variability, and supplier reliability are monitored and inventory is right-sized to meet these specific attributes of the item. The allows Demand-Driven manufacturers to continually adjust their Kanban Loop sizes so they are always in alignment with demand, supply expectations and actuals. As variability is removed and lead-times are reduced, the Kanban Loop adjusts to become one step closer to demand.

Demand-Driven Manufacturing makes VMI far more attractive for your suppliers. They understand that the signals they receive for replenishment aren’t based on some pie-in-the-sky forecast that will leave them sitting on tons of materials in the supply chain that they will eventually have to write off. And, it puts you in a better position to negotiate the kinds of service levels agreements (SLAs) you need to reduce the risks associated with supplier variability.

If you’d like to learn more about eKanban, here are a few additional resources:

White Paper: Gaining Control: Exploring Push vs. Pull Manufacturing

Article: Moving From a Manual to an eKanban System

Case Study: Continuous Improvement Immersion Plus the Right Tools Proves Profitable for Dynisco

January 8, 2018
The Magic Bullet for Real-Time Supply Chain Collaboration? Cloud Visibility.
Jessica Twentyman reported in the Financial Times, that for many manufacturers, supply chain collaboration is stuck in the dark ages. When it comes to ordering materials and components, managing inventory levels, or organizing the delivery of finished goods to customers, companies are forced continually to chase business partners – mostly suppliers, logistics companies, and retailers – via a messy stream of emails, phone calls, and even faxes. Worse still, much of the data that could give manufacturers a complete, end-to-end view of their supply chain already resides within the systems of these partners; as much as 80 percent of it, according to some industry estimates.

Supply Chain Market reported the closest any manufacturer can get to the magic bullet of efficiency (collaboration) is through greater supply chain visibility. Supply chain visibility means all partners get access to – and share data – in real-time. Visibility to all orders allows suppliers to proactively respond to demand signals. Poor visibility often results in parts shortages. Frustrated manufacturers report having no idea they were down to the last box of parts. The result is expensive; using faster shipping methods to get the part back on the shop floor. A real-time view of parts on hand allows a supply chain manager to take action before there is a stock out, eliminating expedited fees.

A single – visible – version of the truth

Modern Demand-Driven Manufacturers are leveraging real-time Cloud-based visualization and collaboration systems to view data from multiple, disparate sources while keeping the data in its original, host environment. The value of these visualization systems is in their inherent flexibility. Once the data connections are made, they can be accessed and used (with appropriate permissions) at any point along the end-to-end supply chain spectrum. There is no limit to the data sources that can be connected or how the data can be sliced and diced and made visual to accommodate the different layers and levels of the manufacturing enterprise.

The result is a single – visible – version of the truth that enables a more compliant, consistent, Lean, and waste free supply chain. Visualizations can be created or configured by and for the individual user, work center, plant or multi-plant/enterprise, supplier, or customer level. Order, replenishment status, inventory levels, machine maintenance, system alerts, KPIs, logistics tracking, and more can be made accessible to the appropriate parties anytime, anywhere, providing a single source for real-time information.

Data on Demand: Examples of value across supply chain layers
- Customers gain visibility into order receipt, status, and delivery data. In ETO environments, visibility tools can provide further collaboration capabilities on product specifications and requirements.
- Suppliers receive real-time demand signals with the ability to exchange purchase order and projected delivery information online. Supply Chain Managers can collectively visualize and track the performance of all suppliers against their service level agreements (SLAs).
- Individual users have easy access to information they can act on to analyze issues and improve performance. Customer Service representatives can follow the status of their customer’s order and confirm delivery details; Operators have a clear view of priorities and an understanding of what to work on next; Quality Analysts are immediately alerted to issues and can quickly trace the source of the problem.
- Work Centers can monitor all the machines in their area through a single screen to collectively determine overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and gain insight for preventative or prescriptive maintenance.
- Individual Plants can visualize real-time end-to-end production flow and the status of safety, compliance, and key performance indicators (KPI) at any level in the facility.
- Regional Plant Networks can connect to Warehouse/Distribution Centers to better manage excess inventory and monitor status from Third Party Logistics (3PL) providers.
- Multi-National Enterprises can connect to global data sources – including Supplier networks and Contract Manufacturers – to assess individual plant performance and collectively view and track logistics flow throughout their enterprise.
Newer Cloud technologies are more intuitive with drag-and-drop functions and natural language queries. IT is no longer saddled with pulling data and generating reports. Through self-service tools, even non-techies can perform their own analyses and create their own dashboards and visualizations.

The technology is available and the impact of such can be far-reaching. The investment quite often produces an immediate or near-term return just in avoiding costs associated with downtime, waste and expediting.

Standardizing data formats – the key to universal, real-time accessibility.

With the multitude of data sources feeding the supply chain, the visibility value is in the ability to “mash up” or bring together data from these disparate sources to tell a complete story. The strategy for doing such is standardizing – or normalizing – data. And while this is not a new concept, today there is a more efficient and cost-effective approach. Through the Cloud, data is accessed from its host environment and aggregated, analyzed, and shared by standardizing the data and making it accessible in real-time through technology tool sets like SignalR. These lighter weight, highly flexible and scalable web-enabled technologies are rapidly replacing costly hardware devices traditionally used for data standardization.

Ultimately, visibility technologies should be measured by their ability to provide the right data to the right people at the right time. The true value proposition is in having the right information to take immediate action – the decision-driving data that will make a difference in how your supply chain is performing today.

More information on this topic:

White paper: End-to-End Supply Chain Visibility Technology is Here

Video case study: How Orbital ATK is Leveraging the IIoT and Visual Factory Technology to Drive Continuous Improvements

Video: SyncView Real-time Manufacturing Visualization System – 4 minute overview
June 19, 2017
Supply Chain Visibility and the Bottom-line

Visibility Matters.

Rick Morris, a Certified Supply Chain Professional wrote in Supply House Times that while improving fill rates, improved forecast accuracy also lowers inventory levels measured in days of sales; and simultaneously, improved forecast accuracy improves fill rates and lowers inventory. He suggested this translates into increased profitability. When analysts have studied companies that were best-in-class in demand forecasting, they found these companies averaged (according to Advanced Market Research) 15% less inventory; 17% higher perfect order fulfillment; 35% shorter cash-to-cash cycle times; and 1/10 the stock outs of their peers. In addition, every 3% increase in forecast accuracy increased profit margin by 2%. These improvements in inventory efficiencies then translate into improved financial metrics, including 10% improvement in earnings per share; 5% increase in return on assets; and a 2.5% gain in profits.

Reducing the Risk of Supply Chain Disruptions

Sunil Chopra and ManMohan S. Sodhi, reported for the MIT Sloan Management Review, that supply chain executives complain there have been major supply chain disruptions, highlighting vulnerabilities for individual companies and for entire industries globally. Today’s managers know that they need to protect their supply chains from serious and costly disruptions, but the most obvious solutions — increasing inventory, adding capacity at different locations and having multiple suppliers — undermine efforts to improve supply chain cost efficiency. Surveys have shown that while managers appreciate the impact of supply chain disruptions, they have done very little to prevent such incidents or mitigate their impacts. This is because solutions to reduce risk mean little unless they are weighed against supply chain cost efficiency. After all, financial performance is what pays the bills.

Supply Chain Market reported the closest any manufacturer can get to the magic bullet is supply chain visibility. Supply chain visibility is needed to achieve a manufacturers’ goal of saving money quickly and inexpensively. Supply chain visibility means all partners get access to data in real-time. Visibility to all orders allows suppliers to proactively respond to abnormal fluctuations in demand. Poor visibility often results in parts shortages. Frustrated manufacturers report having no idea they were down to the last box of parts. The result is expensive, requiring faster shipping methods to get the part back on the shop floor. A real-time view of parts on hand allows a supply chain manager to take-action before there is a stock out, eliminating expedited fees.

eKanban software provides an effective quick win. An eKanban system can mitigate disruptions associated with stock outs through automated inventory replenishment and visibility into real-time demand signals, supplier response and more. Current manufacturing Kanban technologies have evolved to automate and simplify even the most complex supply chains.

In addition to eKanban, many of today’s manufacturers are taking advantage of all the digitization created to enable the Internet of Things and elevating visibility within and beyond their four walls – and across multi-enterprise environments. So, what steps are manufacturers taking toward this end, and more importantly, what is the investment?

The answer depends upon your starting point.

In a recent research report, Gartner defines their five stages of maturity in supply chain visibility to include: Asset; functional; supply chain; value chain; and ecosystem visibility. (Gartner, Define the Five Stages of Supply Chain Visibility Maturity, 2016.) As an organization moves toward greater maturity, the number of disparate data sources to be aggregated and made visible multiplies. As such, web-based and SaaS priced visual factory information systems (VFIS) are gaining favor based on their flexible technology architecture, affordability and ability to easily scale – manufacturers can use the same system to visualize information as they mature through the stages. And because the VFIS connects to any data source (legacy systems, ERP, MES, PLM, WMS, machines, etc.), manufacturers wouldn’t necessarily need to invest in any other systems to get started on impacting the bottom line through greater supply chain visibility.

We will spend more time exploring how manufacturers are creating greater supply chain visibility and empowering people with relevant, real-time information, in future posts. In the meantime, if you have any examples you would like to share, please leave a comment!

Additional resources:

Video: How Orbital ATK is Leveraging the IIoT and Visual Factory Technology to Drive Continuous Improvements

Video: Visual Factory Software Overview

White Paper: Gaining Control: Exploring Push v. Pull Manufacturing [using Kanban systems]

November 18, 2016
Creating Trust Throughout the Supply Chain Using Demand-Driven Methods

How reducing forecasting errors and disruption risks create better supplier relationships.

Building trust in the supply chain is essential to driving flow; and when there are forecast errors, there is an inherent mistrust throughout the supply chain. Lack of collaboration is often the cornerstone of conflict, blame, and mistrust between a manufacturer and suppliers. Missed shipments tend to lead to finger-pointing, followed by over-buffering on both sides to guard against further disruptions, which often results in further exacerbation of the negative bull-whip effect.

Cost-effective supply chain collaboration between manufacturer and suppliers is paramount. Without that constraint addressed, all other benefits are pointless.

Start with right-sizing inventory and just-in-time replenishment practices.

In a recent issue of Financial Director, editorial contributors Paul Dennis and Peter Young, suggested if there is one thing about predicting the future that always comes true, it’s that everyone, from time to time, gets things wrong. It is safe to say that with forecasts, they can be relatively accurate at a high level (i.e. total sales, sales for product type, etc), but at a low level like sales for an individual for the week 40 is near impossible. However, this is where the relationship between manufacturer and suppliers exists. The article argues that what separates best-in-class companies from those that struggle with accuracy is how they root out (and learn from) forecasting errors.

From an inventory perspective, today more manufacturers are viewing excessive inventory as a huge financial liability rather than an asset. Best-in-class demand-driven manufacturers successfully combat this risk through “right-sizing” inventory and stock buffers using pull-based or demand-driven replenishment solutions. This methodology greatly reduces reliance on forecast and therefore reduces the impact of forecast error. A common and highly effective way to implement a demand-driven methodology is through an electronic Kanban system.

In leveraging an eKanban system, manufacturers and supply chain professionals start driving good replenishment signals to the supplier, fostering trust and reducing noise. eKanban systems automate inventory replenishment by sending suppliers real-time demand signals and enable collaboration by providing both parties with online visibility into order and fulfillment status. How does real-time collaboration and visibility impact the financial statements and key performance indicators? Case in point: In their first year on an eKanban system, plastics manufacturer, Dynisco, saved over $985,000.00 in inventory costs, just by right-sizing. (See article in Plant Services magazine.)

Create a collaborative, transparent environment for all suppliers.

“From Superstorms to Factory Fires: Managing Unpredictable Supply Chain Disruptions,” was a feature article published in Harvard Business Review by David Simchi-Levi, William Schmidt, and Yehua Wei. They suggested that leaders using traditional risk-management techniques and simple heuristics (dollar amount spent at a site, for instance) often end up focusing exclusively on the so-called strategic suppliers for whom expenditures are very high and whose parts are deemed crucial to product differentiation, and overlooking the risks associated with low-cost, commodity suppliers. The fact is, a lack of collaboration with any supplier introduces an element of risk including disruptions to flow that impact throughput. And, a lack of visibility across the supply chain network results in managers taking the wrong actions, wasting resources, and leaving the organization exposed to hidden risk. Demand or Pull-based manufacturing is a method that allows companies to identify, manage, and reduce exposure to supply chain risks by creating transparency.

We define Pull-based or Demand-Driven Manufacturing as a method of manufacturing where production is based on actual customer demand rather than a forecast – and where all layers of manufacturing are synchronized (people, process, materials, machines, and information) to drive flow. This process is accelerated by technology that automates, digitizes data and connects every function within the demand-driven organization to every layer of the supply chain. Gartner estimates that 90% of manufacturers who are not truly demand-driven, want to be. This is likely due to the many benefits demand-driven manufacturing offers, including greater customer – and supplier – satisfaction.

Environments for Demand-Driven Manufacturing

Demand-driven principles can be used in nearly every manufacturing environment because the focus is on flow through the factory. In make-to-stock (MTS) environments, a demand-driven manufacturing platform can drive immediate improvements by right-sizing inventory, increasing flow and throughput, and replenishing resources using an eKanban system. These improvements can be extended across the entire supply chain. In make-to-order (MTO), engineer-to-order (ETO), and configure-to-order (CTO) environments, a synchronized demand-driven manufacturing planning, scheduling, and execution approach manages constraints to deliver increased flow, throughput, on-time delivery, and clarity throughout the manufacturing process and the extended supply chain.

In any environment, the aim of a demand-driven system is to synchronize all layers of manufacturing to drive flow. Order statuses (and any associated disruptions) are visible throughout the enterprise – to the production team, supply chain management, customer service, sales, leadership – and suppliers. Everyone is working from the same factual, real-time information. Trust is built from a single version of the truth gained through shared visibility and collaboration.

Additional resources:

White Paper: Gaining Confidence: Syncing Supplier Delivery to Customer Demand

Article: What is Demand-Driven Manufacturing?

Case Study: Continuous Improvement Immersion + the Right Tools Proves Profitable for Dynisco

November 7, 2016
Lean Manufacturing Driven by Rapid Return on eKanban Technology Investment

Lean Manufacturing relies heavily on trusted relationships with suppliers and pre-negotiated terms of engagement. Through the use of supplier quality certifications and blanket (long-term) purchase orders, a manufacturer can accurately and effectively calculate the optimal level of inventory needed to fulfill demand requirements through the duration of replenishment lead time.

Ensuring supplier performance

When a relationship is setup with a supplier, a service level agreement is defined. Items such as negotiated lead times, packaged quantities, order receipt confirmations, and advanced shipment notices must all be specifically spelled out. An eKanban Pull-based inventory replenishment system monitors that each aspect of the service level agreement is being met by the supplier in real-time. If they are not, a series of alerts and notifications are issued to all interested and affected parties. This gives everyone a chance to quickly adjust their behavior to bring performance back in line.

eKanban software also makes all of this real-time information available for historical analysis and to identify trends in performance. Late shipments, short shipments, and other supply chain performance concerns are all captured and presented in terms of percentage of conformance to the service level agreement. These reports give everyone in the supply chain information about how to focus their continuous improvement energies.

Eliminating inventory waste

eKanban is heavily based on Lean and Six Sigma principles and tools, and adds focus to these efforts by eliminating inventory waste through real-time demand signaling and just-in-time replenishment.

eKanban replenishment is based on the notion that if you take one, you make one. As such, you are reducing on hand inventory and not building assemblies or products without actual demand. You dramatically reduce the amount of inventory that becomes old or obsolete, free warehouse space and you build flexibility – and potential capacity – into your production process. An eKanban system exposes this flexibility so that manufacturers and suppliers can rapidly evaluate the true capability of the system to respond to a specific change in demand.

Manufacturing operations utilizing Lean are increasingly implementing Pull systems with more suppliers. And eKanban systems are taking hold as a relatively easy, and non-disruptive way to introduce Lean thinking into the organization – and bank on a quick return. Just in “right-sizing” inventory levels alone, some manufacturers have saved millions and added tens of millions back to cash flow that can be put to use in more productive ways than filling a warehouse. Additional savings are being realized in improved supplier relationships, lead times and inventory turns – and a dramatic reduction in administrative paperwork.

If you have an experience using a manual or eKanban system, please add a comment. I’d like to hear it!

Additional Resources:

Case Study: Dynisco, A Roper Company

White Paper: Exploring Push v. Pull Manufacturing with Kanban

October 18, 2016
Three Ways Your Data Empowers Customer Confidence
The Internet of Things helps differentiate your company by providing more information and insight so you can be more agile in responding to customer needs.

I’ve spent my career in marketing explaining to people how having the right software will make them the right company for their customers. Can it really be that simple? I think it is.

When the Gartner Group first put voice to the concept of an interconnected world, one in which Cloud-based software, linking to things (products, machines, etc.) creates an “Internet of Things” that holds incredible value for customers — I nearly rose from my desk and cheered. Experts say that by 2025, this vast network will be worth over $225 billion dollars. To me that number represents value for customers who work with manufacturers who know how to harness all of zillions of bytes of data included in this network. And if you are such a manufacturer, you should be already on your way to creating your own, mini, Internet of Things across your supply chain.

Data as Differentiator

I understand that using data as a differentiator seems daunting. But please consider that in this new world, data is the single most important driver to your growth in the marketplace. The actual products you produce can no longer meet your customers’ needs by themselves. I don’t think it’s too strong of a statement to declare—your data can and will make or break your customer relationships. Here are just three ways:
1. 1. Machine-level data gives you unsurpassed control over your flow—Connecting machines to the rest of your production data allows you to truly identify the constraints to flow on the shop floor. Identifying issues with flow on the machine level creates an environment where your promise to order promises are as real as they get. And your customers will stay satisfied.
  2. Hooking up suppliers to your data network allows you control over your supplier relationships—If you don’t have your suppliers included on your own Internet of Things, you’re missing out. As you know better than anyone, your finished goods can’t get to your customer until and unless you have figured out a way to manage your inventory appropriately. Having your suppliers’ supply chains included in your digitized, inventory management software solves this problem.
  3. Controlling flow by digitizing your production process frees up capacity and allows you to meet new customer needs—You can start by using software to manage inventory. That will often give you enough new capacity to create new opportunities to meet customer needs. Once you get an entire platform connected, you will delight your customer. How? By gaining access to actionable data that lets you identify constraints in real-time and improves your time to delivery. In empowering people to act quickly to mitigate constraints, you are protecting your customers’ orders. And by creating a business environment that promotes continuous improvement, your customers see that you are truly focused on being the best you can be — for their benefit.
Of course, your own Internet of Things at your company empowers you in many more ways. I will talk about these in later posts. I think together we can uncover even more exciting trends about how software and the Internet of Things creates value for our customers. In fact, if you have any stories about how harnessing your big data has granted you big rewards, definitely send them to me. I’d love to hear from you.

– Marketing

Big data, the Internet of Things, Industry 4.0, Factory of the Future, the Visual factory – what do you really need to pay attention to and what do these concepts mean to most manufacturers? A sceptic and trend-spotter, Pam’s posts leverage a background in technology marketing to apply these big concepts to the real world – and real work – of demand-driven manufacturers.

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November 4, 2014

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